Auger



(No Model.)

t J. SWAN.

AUGFBRI No. 285,440. Patented Sept. 251883* jyj. t

NrTEn STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES swAN, or SEYMOUR, CONNECTICUT.

AUGER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 285,440, datedSeptember 25, 1883.

Y Application filed May 16, V1883. (No model.)

To all whom, t may concern:

Be it known' that I, JAMES SWAN, of Seymour, county of New Haven, Stateof Connecticut, have invented an Improvement in Angers, of which thefollowing description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, isa speoieation, like letters on the drawings representing like parts.

rlhe object of my invention 'is to improve the quality of angers andbits, and at the same time cheapen their construction and enable thesame to be more readily sharpened, and also to enable the steel cuttersto be readily rel newed when worn out, thus enabling one twisted body tobe utilized for many cutters.

The shanks, pods, and cutters of angers are now .Commonly made entirelyof steel; but such angers are very expensive, so much so that they areused only in the most particular class of work. Angers are also largelymade in which the Shanks and pods are of wroughtiron, and the cutters,of steel, are welded intol the end of the pod, the said head having thecutters and leading-screw attached to it, so as to form an integral partthereof. In both these common plans the auger or bit, when dull orinjured, is sharpened by ale, and to enable a file to serve for suolipurpose it is necessary to leave the steel of the head and cutters atlow temper, for if at high temper, or hard, a iile could not touch it,and it will be under stood that the harder the steel forming the cuttersthe more durable and efficient the auger or bit.

In my experiments, aiming to increase the durability of the cutters andobviate-frequent sharpening, and consequent filing back of the cutters,I have ascertained that I may make the cutters of steel, and harden andtemper them just as I would any other Cutting-tool, and then, whenfinished, attach them, to the head of the pod, thus enabling the cuttersto be of any desired hardness or quality of steel, and enabling them tobe adjusted so as to always bear the same relation to the head of thepod, and so, also7 that if a cutter strikes a nail or other hardsubstance and is injured, the said cutter may be removed and anothersubstituted for it.

It will be readily understood that all that is required of the pod ortwisted part of the body is that it should have the requisite strengthand stiffness', and, recognizing that a good quality of cast metalpossesses as great, if not greater, stiffness in proportion to itsthickness and weight than more expensive wrought metal, I havesuccessfully experimented with and ascertained that cast-iron may beused to form the pod and head, and I have succeeded in producing averystiff, rigid pod at a reduced cost; but to give the necessary strengthin the shank, which is more liable to be broken by jars or carelessdropping on hard surfaces, I have made theshanks both vof wrought-ironand of steel, and may make them of malleable iron 5 but in all instancesI prefer to cast the pod upon the shank g and so, also, to enable theleading-screw to be made of steel, I have arranged to so place it in amold as to cast the pod upon it, so that the iiowing of the metal intothe mold in the formation of the pod acts as a binder between and tounite the shank'and theleading-screw. rIlhe shank, it will be seen, isthus composed of a duetile metal, as contradistinguished from castmetal. I have devised several different forms of cut ters, all of whichmay be readily attached to and adjusted upon the head of the pod and beheld by a screw or screws, but I also desire it to be understood that Imay unite the cutters with the pod by casting. In such plan I would,however, lose the great advantage of adjustment; but I would gain overother usual augers or bits in cheapness of construction.

The features wherein my invention consists will be set forth intheclaims at the end of this specification.

Figure 1 represents an auger embodying my invention. Fig. 2 representsthe leading-- screw separated; Fig. 3, the shank separated; Fig. 4, aleft-hand end view of Fig. 1. Figs. 5 and 6 show a modification inattaching 'the cutters to the head of the pod; and Figs. 7

and S, another modification, wherein the cutters are held on the head ofthe ing the latter about them;

The leading-screw a, made .of steel, has a shank, a', preferably ofother shape than circular in cross-section, which is adapted to beinclosed by the metal of the cast podb. The shank e, of suitable length,is composed of a pod by castductile metal, or one capable of being drawnIOO ' `forming part oi' the pod.

while hot, or to be hammered and drawn, such as wrought-iron, malleableiron, or steel. That portion of the pod at the left of the dotted line xx, Fig. l, is called the head of the pod, and is lettered b2.

In the process of making my improved auger or bit, a pattern for theproduction of the pod and its head is buried in sand in a suitable ilaskand tamped, and the pattern is then removed, leaving a mold suitable toproduce the pod and head connected together', when iron is run in thesaid mold; but, prior to running cast-'iron into the Vsaid mold, thesteel leadingscrew and the ductile-metal shank are so supported in themold that the molten iron, when run in the mold, will iiow about thepart a of the leadi1i0-sc1?ew, and also about the end c' of the shank c,thus causing the molten metal poured into the said mold and used to formthe pod l), Fig. l, to flow about them, the pod formed by casting in thesaid mold acting as a binder or connection between the leadingscrew andone end of the shank c, thus effectually uniting the said parts to orincorporating them with the pod as integral portions thereof.

In Fig. l. I have shown the end c/ of the shank as nearly covered by,the cast metal The part c may be provided with a hole, ci, or withaprojection, e, to afford better engagement of lthe metal forming thecast-metal pod with the ductile shank. The head hassuitable iiatportions, upon which are placed the steel cutters e, they, as in Figs. 1and 4, being adjustably and removably attached to the said head by ascrew, e', extended through a slot in cutter, and, preferably, the saidcutter and heel will have means whereby the cutter may be prevented fromtwisting or turning laterally on its seat. In Figs. l and 4 this isaccomplished by providing the rear of the hardenedsteel cutter with arib or projection, e3, to enter a suitable groove in the cutter-seat onthe head. (See Fig. 4.) These cutters may be readily removed to besharpened, and may be readily applied to the head and adjusted thereonas the cutter is worn away by grinding.

In Figs. 5 and 6 the steel cutter is made as a curved blade attached tothe head ofthe pod by two screws, ff. If desired, the two steel cuttersmay be supported in the mold prior to forming the pod therein bycasting, as described, and the molten metal be made to envelop and bindthe said cutters within and to form a xed part of it, as in Figs. 7 and8, leaving the end of the cutter exposed to cut the material to bebored.

The pod may have a single or double twist, and but one cutter, ifdesired. An auger such as just described may be constructed very cheaplyand rapidly, and makes a very eftt cient, strong, and durable tool,substantially as good as any of the usual angers or bits.

I wish it understood that the pod of this anger may be cast of any metaldesired, t not necessarily cast-iron,) and by experimenting I have foundthat for some kinds of work the same metal of which the pod is cast willalso answcr for the shank.

Angers are now constructed with square, spur, and gouge lip, and I wishit understood that the cutters of this auger may be made and used in anyoi' the forms mentioned.

I do not broadly claim a separable steel leading-screw applied to a pod,nor do I broadly claim a head having a leading-screw and euttersattached to a pod.

I claiml. In an auger having a suitable shank and cutter, a cast-metalpod, combined with a steel leading-screw immovably fixed into thecastmetal pod, as described.

2. In an auger, a cast-metal pod,` a suitable leading-screw, and cutter,combined with a ductile-metal shank immovably attached to the said pod,substantially as described.

3. In an auger, a shank and a cast-metal pod, combined with a steelleading-screw immovably fixed to the said pod, and with detachablecutters, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

JAMES SWAN.

Titnessesz A. B. Posr, XV. H. VHrrrEironn.

